Interesting research for sure. They do a lot of statistical analysis on simple markings of objects found in Europe. They somewhat resemble the predecessors of cuneiform (Sumerian) writing systems. So it’s not letters or hieroglyphics, but something more simple like numbers, movements, or a memory aid of some kind. It would be interesting to see a comparison to old Asian, African, and Amerindian cultures.

Our results illustrate that the statistical properties of sign sequences from the Swabian Aurignacian are very similar to those of the Uruk V protocuneiform period (roughly 3500 to 3350 BC). For the later protocuneiform periods of Uruk IV (roughly 3350 to 3200 BC) and Uruk III (roughly 3200 to 3000 BC), however, we already find a significant divergence toward higher information encoding potential.